However, in the past three decades, there have been some controversies over antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent Lyme disease following a tick bite, and the recommendations of guidelines were conflicting. Therefore, the feasibility of using antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent Lyme disease following a tick bite is worth further investigation. However, no vaccine for humans is yet available against Lyme disease. For instance, 25–30% of people from endemic areas in the United States have reported that a member of the household was bitten by a tick in the preceding year. In areas where Lyme disease is endemic, bites from ticks are common. Over a period of months or years, untreated infection can lead to arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, or encephalopathy. Within days or weeks, untreated infection can spread to other parts of the body, causing more serious neurologic conditions (e.g., meningitis, radiculopathy, and facial palsy) or cardiac abnormalities (e.g., carditis with atrioventricular heart block).
Early manifestations of Lyme disease include non-specific signs and symptoms such as fever, headache, and myalgias. The United States has an estimated 300,000 cases of Lyme disease annually, and 65,500–85,000 cases are reported annually in Europe. Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere and is caused by the spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi ( B. The available evidence supports the use of antibiotics for the prevention of Lyme disease, and reveals advantages of using single-dose however, further confirmation is needed. Subgroup analysis revealed that the pooled RR was 0.29 (95%CI: 0.14–0.60) in the single-use 200-mg doxycycline group 0.28 (95%CI: 0.05–1.67) in a 10-day course group (Amoxicillin, Penicillin or tetracycline) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.25–2.08) in a topical antibiotic treatment group (Azithromycin). The pooled rate of unfavorable events in persons receiving treatment and the control group were 0.4% (95%CI: 0.1–1.1%) and 2.2% (95%CI: 1.6–3.0%), respectively. Six studies (3,766 individuals) were included. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021245002. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) for the rates of unfavorable events in patients who received intervention versus the control group. Study quality was assessed using a modified Jadad scale, and publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test. We used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled results and reported the 95% confidence interval (CI). Two authors (GZZ and XX) independently reviewed the abstracts and identified articles for detailed assessment. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed for data abstraction. We included studies if the enrolled patients were randomly allocated to a treatment or control group within 72 h following a tick bite and had no clinical evidence of Lyme disease at enrolment. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies until March 23, 2021.
#Tick bite bullseye update#
In this study, we explored more precise evidence and attempted to identify and update optimum treatment strategies. Previous meta-analyses lack sufficient power to demonstrate the efficacy of about antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of Lyme disease following a tick bite. Therefore, the feasibility of using antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent Lyme disease after a tick bite is worth further exploration. In areas where Lyme disease is endemic, bites from ticks are common, but no vaccine is currently available against Lyme disease for humans.
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